Jackie Robinson and the Civil Rights Movement Essay

To the average person, in the average American community, Jackie Robinson was just what the sports pages said he was, no more, no less. He was the first Negro to play baseball in the major leagues. Everybody knew that, but to see the real Jackie Robinson, you must de-emphasize him as a ball player and emphasize him as a civil rights leader. That part drops out, that which people forget. From his early army days, until well after his baseball days, Robinson had fought to achieve equality among whites and blacks. Jackie acted out the philosophy of nonviolence of Martin Luther King Jr., before the future civil rights leader had thought of applying it to the problem of segregation in America(Weidhorn 93). Robinson was an avid†¦show more content†¦The driver, a local civilian, thought that the woman Jackie was talking to was white#8230;The outraged bus driver ordered Jackie to the back of the bus. Jackie knew his rights on an army base#8230;Jackie would not move. On reach ing the last stop, the bus driver quickly brought over several white men and two military policemen#8230;The MPs took Jackie to a captain, who saw in him only an uppity nigger trying to make trouble. He filed a series of charges against Jackie(Weidhorn 28). Robinson did not take this incident passively. He spread word to other black officers, who in turn contacted black newspapers and civil rights groups, who demanded that the charges be dropped. Instead of fighting the Japanese or German enemy, Robinson had to fight the racism and stupidity of his fellow Americans. Robinson was eventually honorably discharged from the Army for medical reasons. Baseball soon became a big part of Robinsons life. Jackie Robinsons entry into the Major Leagues was far from a walk in the park. He climbed over countless obstacles just to play with white men, some of which, he was better then. He not only had to compete with the returning players from the war, but he also contended with racism. Many towns in the South did not want racially mixed teams(Weidhorn 53). As time went on, cities realized that Robinson offered them free publicity. The Dodgers presence also brought extra business to theShow MoreRelatedJackie Robinson And The Civil Rights Movement1432 Words   |  6 Pagesto whites. Jackie Robinson made an important step in gaining rights for African Americans when he broke the color barrier of baseball in 1947. He did this by making civil rights his ambition even before the protests began (Coombs 117). Jackie Robinson’s fame as a baseball player and determination to defeat adversity transformed him into an inspirational figure for those involved in the Civil Rights Movement. Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born the youngest of Jerry and Mallie Robinson in Cairo, GeorgiaRead MoreJackie Robinson And The Civil Rights Movement1617 Words   |  7 Pagesplayer Jackie Robinson. As a result of discrimination and segregation in America it was very difficult for black people to exercise their rights during this time period. Throughout the 1940’s and 1950’s Jackie Robinson’s baseball career dramatically changed as he was the first African American Major League Baseball player. However after signing to play for the Brooklyn Dodgers integration started to become a reality in some societies today. The efforts of Jackie Robinson enabled the Civil Rights MovementRead MoreCivil Rights Movement : Jackie Robinson1477 Words   |  6 PagesCivil rights was an important American issue through the late 40s through the 60s. During this time period Baseball was â€Å"America’s Pastime, â€Å"and a major social get together for white Americans. However in 1947 both of these event were combined when the Brooklyn Dodgers gave Jackie Robinson a chance to play professional baseball. Jackie Robinson is the target of my biography. Robinson not only was the first African American baseball player, but he also had a hall of fame career, and eventually hadRead MoreJackie Robinson And The Civil Rights Movement1554 Words   |  7 PagesSince 1839, baseball was a white man’s game. That would all change when Jackie Robinson signed with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1942. This would be a major victory for African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement. Before Robinson entered the league, African Americans played in the National Negro League and Whites played in the MLB(Major League Baseball). At this time in history blacks were still fighting for equality every single day. They were segregated by going to different schools than whitesRead MoreJackie Robinson And The Civil Rights Movement1414 Words   |  6 PagesIn the pre-dawn of the C ivil Rights Movement, the 1940s were rife with racial tension. Nearly all public institutions were segregated. Libraries, schools, transportation, the armed forces. Sports teams were just as rigorously divided into two sects--the Negro leagues and the major leagues. There was no question about which division a black man would play for. Nobody dared cross the rift between whites and blacks; they were too afraid. Eventually, however, all it took was one man to begin breakingRead MoreJackie Robinson And The American Dilemma882 Words   |  4 PagesIn the biography Jackie Robinson and the American Dilemma by John R. M. Wilson, it tells the story of racial injustice done after world war II and explains how Jackie Robinson was pioneer of better race relations in the United States. The obstacles Jackie Robinson overcame were amazing, he had the responsibility to convert the institutions, customs, and attitudes that had defined race relations in the United States. Seldom has history ever p laced so much of a strain on one person. I am addressingRead MoreProfessional Sports: A Barrier Meant to be Broken Essay1225 Words   |  5 Pagesin professional sports was a turning point in history. It happened in 1947, when Jackie Robinson, an African-American athlete, began playing for the Brooklyn Dodgers under the watchful eye of their owner, Branch Rickey. The man who broke this barrier was a hero in his own right, changing the world of baseball as well as aiding the Civil Rights Movement. But this was not his only heroic accomplishment. Robinson was a star athlete as a child, at the University of California, Los Angeles, and inRead MoreAmerica s Favorite Pastime And Jackie Robinson Essay1661 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica’s Favorite Pastime and Jackie Robinson The game of baseball has been intertwined in our history. It has been there through the wars and the civil rights movements. The game has seen it all. There have been great players who have put their career’s on hold to fight for their country. â€Å"More than 500 major league baseball players during World War II, including stars like Ted Williams, Stan Musial and Joe DiMaggio†. There is one player that didn’t have to put his career on hold to fight for hisRead MoreJackie Robison vs Ali Essay1640 Words   |  7 PagesJack Roosevelt â€Å"Jackie Robinson† Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr â€Å"Muhammad Ali† Muhammad Ali once said, Hating people because of their color is wrong. And it doesnt matter which color does the hating. Its just plain wrong.† Muhammad Ali stood for the common black man, so did Jackie Robinson. Both of these men were professional athletes, two different sports, baseball and boxing, were changed forever because of these men. They both broke segregation barriers not only in their profession butRead MoreThe Color Legacy in Major Leage Baseball1125 Words   |  5 PagesBefore 1947, Major League Baseball had never had a black player, although there were Negro Leagues. Jackie Robinson broke that. It takes courage and dedication to chase after something you love. Jackie had that for the game of baseball. The Civil Rights Movement was occurring during the time Jackie enter the Major Leagues, so the times were tough for him. Jackie did more than just play baseball; he introduced a whole new way to play the game, with blacks and whites. He did this by breaking the co lor

Arthur Andersen And Enron Case Essay - 983 Words

1.What was the case about? (Summary of the Case) The case is about Arthur Andersen s role in accounting fraud at Enron which was one of its major clients. The criminal charges faced by the firm in the Enron case and how the Enron case eventually led to the closure of Arthur Andersen company. The company was convicted in 2002 of one count of obstruction of justice because of its role in Enron’s auditing. After the conviction, the firm could no longer provide public accounting services. On June 15, 2002, Arthur Andersen was convicted of obstruction of justice for shredding documents related to Enron’s audit which resulted in the Enron scandal. The impact of the scandal combined with the findings of criminal complicity ultimately destroyed the Arthur Andersen LLP. The company was accused of destroying thousands of Enron documents that included not only physical documents, but also computer files and Email files. By giving it the role of consultant along with their original role as external auditors, Enron made Arthur Andersen LLP a key player in Enron auditing. Disregarded Enron’s accounting misbehave and Misuse. CFOs and controllers hired by Enron company were former Arthur Andersen LLP executives; shredded all Enron’s documents, and Arthur Andersen LLP attorney altered documents related to its audit work for Enron. Arthur Andersen LLP has been handed the maximum penalty allowed under US law for its role in the collapse of Enron. Arthur Andersen LLP CPA License hasShow MoreRelatedArthur Andersen s Enron Case918 Words   |  4 Pages The case is about Arthur Andersen s role in accounting fraud at Enron; Enron was one of its Arthur Andersen major clients. The criminal charges faced by Andersen in the Enron case and how the case eventually led to the closure of the company. It was convicted in 2002 of one count of obstruction of justice because of its role in Enron’s auditing. After the conviction, the firm could no longer provide public accounting services. On June 15, 2002, Arthur Andersen was convicted of obstruction ofRead MoreThe Case Of Enron And Arthur Andersen Co1829 Words   |  8 Pagesproviding the debtor an opportunity to start fresh. The case of Enron and Arthur Andersen Co. relates to what it is to experience bankruptcy. According to Enron Before filing for bankruptcy in 2001, the business was one of the biggest mixed natural gas and electricity companies in the world. It marketed natural gas liquids worldwide and operated one of the highest natural gas communication methods in the system, totaling more than 36,000 miles(Enron Corporation - Company Profile, Information, Business)Read MoreManagement Planning Paper on Arthur Andersen1221 Words   |  5 PagesPlanning Paper on Arthur Andersen Management Planning Paper on Arthur Andersen In 1913, the company Arthur Andersen started by Arthur Andersen and Clarence Delany by the name of Andersen, Delany, Co. In 1918, it was given the name Arthur Andersen Co. The company supplied tax, consulting services and auditing for the large business, and itself had a position in the Big Five accounting firms. In 2002, this firm was found guilty for auditing an energy corporation, Enron and it surrenderedRead MoreRise Fall of Arthur Andersen, LLP1016 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ March 4, 2014 Rise Fall of Arthur Andersen, LLP Abstract Enron was a natural gas company that was formed in 1985 by Kenneth Lay. By 1992, Enron was the largest selling company of natural gas in North America. In October 2001 a scandal involving Enron was emerging. This scandal led to the fall of the company. The Enron case and many others cases led to the collapse of other companies that did business with them which included oneRead MoreManagement Planning- Arthur Anderson1299 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagement within Arthur Andersen. Specifically, the paper will discuss at least one legal, ethical, and social responsibility issue that impacts Arthur Andersen. Additionally, this paper will analyze the impact these factors have on Arthur Andersen’s management planning. Finally, this paper will analyze at least three factors that influence Arthur Andersen’s strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning. The firm of Arthur Andersen LLP was founded in 1913 by Arthur Andersen and ClarenceRead MoreEnron Scandal Of Enron Corporation Essay1145 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Enron scandal which aroused in 2001 was one of the most famous events in the area of fraud audit. As the auditor company of Enron, Arthur Andersen failed to prepare true and fair auditing reports. They both suffered lethal loss at that time. The following paragraphs will discuss this fraud event, including the organization history, the organization’s event, the fraud issue in the event, the consequence of the main stakeholders, auditors in the event and their roles, and the current situationRead MoreEnron Of Enron And Enron1387 Words   |  6 PagesEnron was formed in 1985 from the merger of two gas companies from Texas and Nebraska. Enron became the first company with all-American network of gas pipelines. In 1997 Enron bought power generating company Portland General Electric Corp. worth $ 2 billion. Before 1997 ended, the management turned the company into Enron Capital Trade Resources which became the largest American companies that trade in natural gas and electricity. Revenue increased dramatically from $ 2 billion to $ 7 billionRead MoreCorporate Culture Of Enron And Bankruptcy1327 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The case study is about Enron and about their biggest failure that lead the company towards bankruptcy. Enron got bankrupt to the extent that was no point of returning back and reversing its wrong doings. The only thing that the company had to think about was how to return the losses of its creditors. Enron Corp. was left with $12 billion in assets which was to be distributed among more than 20,000 creditors. Around 80% of creditors of Enron backed the long-awaited reorganization planRead MoreManagement Planning of Arthur Anderson Essay1284 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagement within Arthur Andersen. Specifically, the paper will discuss at least one legal, ethical, and social responsibility issue that impacts Arthur Andersen. Additionally, this paper will analyze the impact these factors have on Arthur Andersen’s management planning. Finally, this paper will analyze at least three factors that influence Arthur Andersen’s strategic, tactical, operational, and contingency planning. The firm of Arthur Andersen LLP was founded in 1913 by Arthur Andersen and ClarenceRead MoreEthical Incidents in Organizations: Arthur Andersen777 Words   |  3 Pagesin Organizations: Arthur Andersen While the majority of people in the US are aware of the problems that were faced by Enron, most do not realize the impact the company had on other organizations which were also involved in the scandal. One such company was the accounting firm Arthur Andersen. While the firm is still technically in business, it is nothing like it was in the days before its ethical dilemma and scandal. The mission and core values that were touted by Arthur Andersen were violated by

Effect On The Mental Health Of Culturally â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Effect On The Mental Health Of Culturally? Answer: Introducation Several studies that have focused on the topic of mental health studies, have failed to come up with one agreed the definition of what mental health status is. For example, the World Health Organization ([WHO], 2014) used the following words, a state of well-being in which very individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community (Col. 1). Furthermore, the WHO uses its constitution to express and stress on the positive dimension of mental health as the state of the complete elements of an individual in terms of their social wellbeing, the mental, and physical and not necessarily the absence of infirmity or diseases. It is from this explanation that helps to explain the significance role of mental healthcare and disorders of people. Martin (2012) conducted an examination that studies the mental health status of patients. Martin explains that a mental sta tus involves a structured assessment regarding the cognitive and behavioural functioning of patients. The assessment incorporates the description of general behaviours of patients and their appearances, their levels of attentiveness, consciousness, speech and motor activities, their mood, thinking, perception abilities, insights, attitude, reaction towards an external environment, and their cognitive abilities. However, the most clinically relevant cognitive functioning involves the abstract reasoning, the constructive ability, memory, language, and alertness. Based on the above definitions, it is critical to point out that mental health comprises of different sets that bring out the positive attributes in people. It is a state of the wellbeing that allows an individual to recognize own ability, adapt to the normal stress of life, and work in order to produce for own living or that of the family. While the attributes that define mental health remain universal, it is critical to note that every culture has a different way of expressing it. Cultures do this in terms of their contexts and how sensitive they that every culture tend to value (Snider McPhedran, 2014). The social, economic, and political settings help increase their relevancy and success. Besides, different names have also been used when defining the term well-being. Herrman Jane-Liopis (2012) maintain that Aristotle developed the concept of well-being to differentiate it between a moral life as a way of maintaining happiness and material life. All these were found to form the basic ingredients for meeting basic needs. He went ahead to consider well-being as a multidimensional, immaterial, and a material concept. Furthermore, he believed that any successful community should be able to share common principles regarding what is critical to becoming and living a well-being life. Even though the above definition is an cient, todays definition reflects ancient contributions and modern science. Hence, it is when a community or an individual shows the stage of doing well or being well in life, showing physical or moral welfare, being happy and healthy, or showing prosperous conditions. Minas, et al (2013) sought to understand the current mental health status of refugee and immigrant communities in Australia. Furthermore, the study also went ahead to examine whether research in Australian mental health focuses on fact of cultural and linguistic diversity among the Australian population. The third objective looks at whether the data collected on the mental health supports evidence of policy and practise among multicultural Australia. The finding shows that people born outside Australia showed a lower prevalence of substance use disorder, affective, and anxiety. Those that arrived recently indicated to have the lowest rates of disorder. The findings relevant to refugee and immigrant participants showed prevalence in the 2007 survey according to the country of birth (either overseas or Australia) and the year that immigrants arrived in Australia. For example, the financial indicated that those born outside the country had the lowest rates of prevalence in terms of anxi ety. Even though there have been differences in the findings regarding whether the prevalence of common mental disorders among immigrants and refugees are similar, lower, or even higher than Australian NSW (Reilly, et al. 2013; Garg, et al. 2017; Henderson, et al. 2014). The weight of findings from researchers in other countries and those conducted in Australia and most importantly, in NSW, shows that the level of prevalence is similar. Furthermore, the prevalence across certain birth groups of a country, tend to show high variability. The rates of depression, post-traumatic stress, and the anxiety disorder among multicultural Australians livening in NSW such as immigrants and refugees, were between four to five times that the problems among Tamil asylum seekers in Australia (Kalra, Ventriglio Bhugra, 2015). In addition, a significant proportion of Burmese refugees that live in Australia have been found to show the level of health problems such as post-stress disorders (PTSD), anxiety, a nd depression (Cyril, et al. 2012). Additionally, asylum seekers and refugees have been found to remain vulnerable to behaviours that contribute towards suicidal and self-harm tendencies. Among the multicultural communities living in NSW, for example, the results from Grace, et al. (2017) study indicates that the level of the prevalence of self-harm among the detained asylum seekers came out as being higher than the general population. This finding is consistent with research from other countries. Studies focusing on NSW have indicated that suicidal rates among the immigrant population reflect the country of birth. In overall, therefore, immigrants born in outside countries such as European, Northern, and Western countries had higher suicidal rates than South-Eastern Asia, middle-East, and Southern Europe (Dowse, et al. 2016). Specific Needs of CALD Women The term culturally and linguistically Diverse (CALD) brings together people in terms of culture, ethnicity, and languages that they speak. Most specifically, the term acknowledges diversity that occurs within and between different cultures and in incorporating unique experiences and identities of individuals (Dongxia Xiao, et al. 2013). In this case, therefore, culture brings together all different elements of women lives that incorporates their class, sexuality, ethnicity, disability and religion. According to Posselt, et al. (2017), we do not perceive culture as a fixed category, but that it is something that remain dynamic and adaptable. While ethnicity refers to a part of culture that relates to identification of an individual with a given group while looking at things they do in common (Baker, Procter Ferguson, 2016). Such things can incorporate language, race, and the country of origin. This definition recognises that women who come from English-speaking backgrounds have simi lar ethnicities as those that come from non-English speaking backgrounds (Zimbudzi, et al. 2012). The women that come from culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) backgrounds are more prone to experiencing the double-disadvantage of gender and cultural diversity likely to cause their needs and issues fail to be recognized or addressed by policy makers (Khawaja, et al. 2013). Consequently, failure to address them would lead to serious social and economic consequences towards the women themselves (Federal of Ethic Communities Council of Australia, [FECCA], (2012). FECCA went ahead to outline a number of issues that affect CALD women in Australia. They include high levels of discrimination, leadership and decision making, parity in terms of income, education, and employment, work-life balance, safety and equality at the places of work, safety at home in terms of domestic and family violence, lateral violence, safety in the community, women in detention centers, accessibility to housing, disability, accessibility to contraception, physical and mental health, and social inclusion and participation. Similarly, another study by Henderson, et al. (2014) understand some of the factors that affect CALD women. The findings identify such issues as lack of suitable resources, lack of cultural competency, and lack of accessibility to treatment areas. Snider McPhedran (2014) acknowledge that CALD women have heterogeneous needs. For instance, differences in terms of their country of origin, education, previous work, and family make up, pre-arrival experiences, religion, and age, all contribute to such women having different health and wellbeing needs. Kalra, Ventriglio Bhugra (2015) explain that the diversity that occurs among CALD women when it comes to their needs and the challenging nature over which such needs occurs, continue to challenge Western health service providers. CALD women need to be liberated from all forms of violence, discrimination, and racism. Silcox (2016) posit that the majority of health disparities have their roots in critical social structural inequalities. The inequalities relate to racism and other forms of discrimination that take place in societies. The inequalities go beyond the health care and health racial and ethnic groupings. Herrman Jane-Liopis (2012) argue that racism remain the most disturbing inequality. In case societies fail to examine interaction among different forms of discrimination because of multiple identifies, or better still compartmentalize different forms of discrimination, then any effort put in place might fail to manifest itself. Kalra, et al (2015) explain that policy makes revise different solutions, design programs, and policies with the hope that they will change the nature of discrimination subjected towards CALD women. However, failure to examine interactions can become disastrous not only on wom en but also policy makers. Racism and discrimination contribute towards undermining of health and wellbeing of CALD women. The Women Health West (WHW) report that some of the examples that explain cases of racist behaves and discrimination include physical threats and psychological intimidation. Societies discriminate against CALD women when they prevent them from participating in social activities such as dancing, participation in opportunities that occur in education and employment, and occupation and domestic safety and security. Herrman Jane-Liopis (2012) find that Muslim women that put on the veil become vulnerable because of a high chance of being visible to those in the community. However, studies have failed to examine as to whether participation in social activities such as dancing would help improve health status and wellbeing of women. Above studies only focuses on causes and types of discrimination. CALD women desire the needs of accessibility to affordable and secure housing. Secure nursing has been considered as being important factors that facilitate achievement of stability. It offers settlement for women especially asylum seekers and refugees. Baker, et al (2016) posit that currently, there is the need to increase the availability of options of housing in NSW. Apart from this, there is also the need to achieve service infrastructure that favors NSW. Key things noted by service providers include lack of vacancies and even unacceptability of a long waiting time going up to ten years. Second, there is the need for housing that suits the needs of a given family such as single or large parents. Third, there is an increase in regional demand for the public housing that has led to an increase in private rental markets over a period of the last five years. There is an ever increasing trend that leads towards the formation of ghettos in the Western regions that have high levels of u nemployment and incapable infrastructure. Furthermore, the relocation of public housing and an ever increasing in the outer regions from North Melbourne, Maidstone, Braybrook to Werribee and Melton, indicates that residents experience the pressure to vacate and live away from the existing community networks. Additionally, they get themselves socially isolated from participating in activities such as dancing and counselling programs that could assist them achieve high mental health and wellbeing (Rogers Earnest, 2014). CALD women need improved access to health services and use. Rogers Earnest (2015) maintain that women experience barriers to have an awareness concerning available services. There are several opportunities that are available for women to access health services. The study by Dowse, et al (2016) on Australian CALD shows that opportunities that contribute to access among CALD women involves gaining a deeper understanding of the roles provided by services and their relevance about the needs and concerns of women. This includes services such as screening and preventative health care. An opportunity can include bilingual and culturally sensitive practitioners that already understand differences that occur in cultures and behaviors. CALD women need to benefit from participating in social activities such as dancing and empowerment. Snider McPhedran (2014) explain that CALD women always desire to feel that the society values them and that they are also capable members of the community just as others. Burkhardt Rhodes (2012) conducted a study to understand some of the strategies that can be adopted to increase the level of participation among CALD women in societies. The findings revealed that women can take up roles in decision making and management. Such roles can involve identification and development of appropriate cultural health services and care. The findings also showed that women can develop and maintain a good rapport with communities at the grassroot level. Some of the activities include participating in forums, and engaging other women in consultations. Similarly, the Government of South Australia (2012) revealed that women could start to develop knowledge regarding appropriate legislation and their r ights. This can go beyond facilitation of where women can access their education, skills, and training. Roles of Physical Activities in Forms of Dance on Improvement of Mental Health and Wellbeing People Dancing Organization (2017) points out on the importance of participating in physical activities though dancing in order to improve on the mental health and wellbeing among the UK population. The findings show that dancing can bring out four benefits through the life course. During the early years, participating in dance activities ensures an improvement in cognitive and physical development. Furthermore, it also brings people from the different cultural background to enhance their social skills through social interaction. Second, dancing assists children and young people. According to the organization, is that dancing helps to increase cardiovascular fitness, prevent and ensure a total reduction in obesity and self-esteem among young people. Third, the finding shows that dancing among adults help reduce the risk of CHD and Type 2 diabetes. Most importantly, it ensures that adults are able to maintain and keep their bodies fit. The study conducted among UK adults showed that i t assisted them in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. While the findings among older people showed that dancing helped increase their social interaction. In overall, therefore, participating in regular dance sessions in an effective way for communities to remain active, engage in fun activities and remain social with everyone despite differences in race, age, ethnicity, or religion. Craig (2012) study sought to understand ways to improve wellbeing through the sports and physical activities. The study refers to a physical activity as participating in anything that makes our bodies to move. The analysis findings that mental benefits of participating in physical activities such as dancing, training or sporting includes reduction in feeling of stress, makes one to think clearly, reduce anxiety and create happier moods, develops a greater sense for one to remain calm, makes one to develop more self-esteem, and leads to a reduced risk of depression. Furthermore, the study points out that physical activities also contributes to three key social and emotional benefits. One, it makes people to come together and make friends and connect with those that are not within their social networks. Being around a group of people ensures that an individual develops mental health and a strong social network. Second, it makes people have fun. Majority of people enjoy it when active b ecause of the fun part that comes with activity. Furthermore, researchers have also found a strong association between things that people enjoy doing and an overall improvement of wellbeing. Third, it helps challenge stigma and discrimination. According to Sport England Lottery Fund (2017) is that some people find that when they become part of the sporting programme, it assists them reduce the level of stigma connected to an already existing mental health problem. Hence, it is only through participating in local projects with other people that can assist one to start sharing common interests. Consequently, this would help break down on any forms of available barriers while at the same time, challenging discrimination A recent study by Burkhardt Rhodes (2012) sought to commission dance to support health and wellbeing of participants. The findings show that dance forms a universal way that people express their cultures to achieve the benefits of positive mental health and wellbeing. Majority of respondents point out that participating in dancing assisted them prevent ill health from diseases such as diabetes, stroke, coronary heart disease, depression and cancer. The findings of this study are important because of the study focuses on a heterogeneous group among UK schools. Roles of Counselling Programs on Improvement of Mental Health and Wellbeing Wahass (2005) defines counselling as the process of assisting an individual or a group of people in a community to discover and develop own psychological, vocational, and educational potentials and consequently achieve an optimal level of social usefulness and personal happiness. Furthermore, Wahass reiterates that the concept of counselling remains democratic in the manner in which the assumptions rooted in its theory and practice, maintain that people have the right to decide on ways to shape their own destiny. The second assumption of the theory is that mature and experienced members within a multicultural community have the responsibility to ensure that people use their own choices to serve their choices and those of the society. Similarly, Silcox (2016) explain that it remains an implicit part of the philosophy of counselling for objectives remain complementary instead of conflicting. The role of those that guide individuals should not target at compromising between the demands of an individual and those of a society. Instead, counsellors should ensure that they orient individuals or groups of people that need such services towards the opportunity provided by an environment to achieve personal aspirations and personal needs. Meany-Walen, Davis-Gage Lindo (2016) argues that counselling involves services provided to a group or individuals that are experiencing mental problems and require professional assistance to assist them overcome. Persistence of problems can keep an individual remain disturbed and experience a lot of tension. Unless one gets a professional assistance, then this could as well hamper personal development, wellbeing, the contribution to the society, and overall positive mental health. Friedli Parsonage (2009) sought to understand the role of psychologist counsellors in provision of health care. Friedli Parsonage concludes that counselling psychology forms a specialty discipline of psychology where practitioners use their skills to assist people as groups and individuals to improve their wellbeing, reduce on their levels of distress, respond to crises, and increase the ability for them to elucidate problems and come up with the best decisions. He further explains that counselling psych ologists offer their professional assistance to groups and individuals in areas that relate to mental health, wellbeing, interpersonal relationships, crisis management and work. Friedli Parsonage (2009) conducted a study among women in Wales community to understand the economic case for promoting mental health and prevention of mental illnesses. The women respondents indicate that counselling programs made them receive a recovery approach of improved care, see the value of life, and perform well in their communities. Currently, the Welsh policy spells out that an improvement of mental health among people in Wales lies at the heart of the Welsh Assembly Government agenda for the public health. The government focus extents to adopting conventional approaches such as counselling programs in multicultural communities where there are the majority of CALD women, vulnerable groups, and immigrants. Mental Health Coalition (2012) supports above findings and notes that implementing or commissioning school-based counselling services depends on varying types of counselling that is appropriate to the group. For example, the age of the group determines the counselling se rvices. Counselling among children that come from different cultural backgrounds shape them to see ways to solve their problems while at the same time, see the positive side of life as part of developing the positive wellbeing lifestyles. Furthermore, promoting the emotional and mental wellbeing on young people and their parents through counselling support makes them respond well to emotional difficulties. The study concludes that support provides them with the skills on ways to cope with challenges of life, make them understand ways to develop strong relationships, and achieve their potential. Furthermore, it will make the school start to develop healthier and a safe environment. References Mental Health Coalition (2012). How to improve the emotional and mental wellbeing of children and young people in your school. [Online] from https://www.brpsychotherapy.co.uk/app/download/5788458029/Talking+treatments.pdf. Accessed September 20, 2017 People Dancing Organization (2017). Health and wellbeing. [Online] from https://www.communitydance.org.uk/developing-participation/health-and-wellbeing. Accessed on September 19, 2017 Sport England Lottery Fund (2017). How to improve your wellbeing through physical activity and sport. [Online] from https://www.mind.org.uk/media/2976123/how-to-improve-your-wellbeing-through-physical-activity-and-sport.pdf. Accessed on September 19, 2017 Baker, A. Z., Procter, N. G., Ferguson, M. S. (2016). Engaging with culturally and linguistically diverse communities to reduce the impact of depression and anxiety: a narrative review. Health Social Care in the Community, 24(4), 386-398. Burkhardt, J., Rhodes, J. (2012). Commissioning Dance for Health and Well-Being Guidance and Resources for Commissioners. [Online] from https://www.pdsw.org.uk/assets/Uploads/Breathe-Commissioning-Dance-for-Health-Wellbeing-Guide-for-Commissioners-by-Jan-Burkhardt-2012.pdf. Accessed on September 19, 2017 Craig, T. (2012). Mental health: Supporting secondary schools to play a central role in early intervention mental health services. [Online] from https://www.ippr.org/files/publications/pdf/education-education-mental-health_May2016.pdf. Accessed September 20, 2017 Cyril, S., Green, J., Nicholson, J. M., Agho, K., Renzaho, A. N. (2016). Exploring Service Providers' Perspectives in Improving Childhood Obesity Prevention among CALD Communities in Victoria, Australia. Plos ONE, 11(10), 1-22. Dongxia Xiao, L., De Bellis, A., Habel, L., Kyriazopoulos, H. (2013). The experiences of culturally and linguistically diverse family caregivers in utilising dementia services in Australia. BMC Health Services Research, 13(1), 1-20. Dowse, L., Soldatic, K., Spangaro, J., van Toorn, G. (2016). Mind the gap: the extent of violence against women with disabilities in Australia. Australian Journal Of Social Issues (Australian Social Policy Association), 51(3), 341-359. Dowse, L., Soldatic, K., Spangaro, J., van Toorn, G. (2016). Mind the gap: the extent of violence against women with disabilities in Australia. Australian Journal Of Social Issues (Australian Social Policy Association), 51(3), 341-359. Federal of Ethic Communities Council of Australia, [FECCA], (2012). Womens policy statement Supporting Australian Women from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) Backgrounds. [Online] from https://www.fecca.org.au/images/stories/pdfs/fecca%20womens%20policy%202012.pdf. Accessed on September 19, 2017 Friedli, L., Parsonage, M. (2009). Promoting mental health and preventing mental illness: The economic case for investment in Wales. [Online] from https://www.publicmentalhealth.org/Documents/749/Promoting%20Mental%20Health%20Report%20(English).pdf. Accessed September 20, 2017 Garg, P., My Trinh, H., Eastwood, J., Harvey, S., Woolfenden, S., Murphy, E., ... Ha, M. T. (2017). Explaining culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) parents' access of healthcare services for developmental surveillance and anticipatory guidance: qualitative findings from the 'Watch Me Grow' study. BMC Health Services Research, 171-12. Government of South Australia (2012). Achieving womens equity: South Australias womens policy. [Online] from https://officeforwomen.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/29083/Womens-policy-fact-sheet-CALD.pdf. Accessed on September 19, 2017 Grace, F. C., Meurk, C. S., Head, B. W., Hall, W. D., Harris, M. G., Whiteford, H. A. (2017). An analysis of policy success and failure in formal evaluations of Australia's national mental health strategy (1992-2012). BMC Health Services Research, 171-15. Henderson, J., Crotty, M. M., Fuller, J., Martinez, L. (2014). Meeting unmet needs? The role of a rural mental health service for older people. Advances In Mental Health, 12(3), 182-191. Henderson, J., Crotty, M. M., Fuller, J., Martinez, L. (2014). Meeting unmet needs? The role of a rural mental health service for older people. Advances In Mental Health, 12(3), 182-191. Herrman, H., Jane-Liopis, E. (2012). The status of mental health promotion. Public Health Reviews, Vol. 34, No 2, pp. 1-21 Kalra, G., Ventriglio, A., Bhugra, D. (2015). Sexuality and mental health: Issues and what next?. International Review Of Psychiatry, 27(5), 463-469. Kalra, G., Ventriglio, A., Bhugra, D. (2015). Sexuality and mental health: Issues and what next?. International Review Of psychology, 27(5), 463-469. Khawaja, N. G., McCarthy, R., Braddock, V., Dunne, M. (2013). Characteristics of culturally and linguistically diverse mental health clients. Advances In Mental Health, 11(2), 172-187. Martin, C. D. (2012). Chapter 207: The mental status examination. In Walker, HK. Hall, WD., Hurst, JW. Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations. 3rd edition. Meany-Walen, K. K., Davis-Gage, D., Lindo, N. A. (2016). The Impact of Wellness-Focused Supervision on Mental Health Counseling Practicum Students. Journal of Counseling Development, 94(4), 464-472. Minas, H., Kakuma1, R., Too, S.L., Vayani., H., Orapeleng, S., Prasad-Ildes., R., Turner, G., Procter., Oehm, D. (2013). Mental health research and evaluation in multicultural Australia: developing a culture of inclusion. International Journal of Mental Health Systems 2013, 7:23, p. 1-25 Posselt, M., McDonald, K., Procter, N., de Crespigny, C., Galletly, C. (2017). Improving the provision of services to young people from refugee backgrounds with comorbid mental health and substance use problems: addressing the barriers. BMC Public Health, 171-17 Reilly, N., Harris, S., Loxton, D., Chojenta, C., Forder, P., Milgrom, J., Austin, M. (2013). Disparities in reported psychosocial assessment across public and private maternity settings: a national survey of women in Australia. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1-15 Rogers, C., Earnest, J. (2014). A Cross-Generational Study of Contraception and Reproductive Health among Sudanese and Eritrean Women in Brisbane, Australia. Health Care for Women International, 35(3), 334-356. Rogers, C., Earnest, J. (2015). Sexual and reproductive health communication among Sudanese and Eritrean women: an exploratory study from Brisbane, Australia. Culture, Health Sexuality, 17(2), 223-236. Silcox, S. (2016). A health and wellbeing model policy. Occupational Health, 68(2), 16-17. Snider, A., McPhedran, S. (2014). Religiosity, spirituality, mental health, and mental health treatment outcomes in Australia: a systematic literature review. Mental Health, Religion Culture, 17(6), 568-581 Snider, A., McPhedran, S. (2014). Religiosity, spirituality, mental health, and mental health management outcomes in Australia: a systematic literature review. Mental Health, Religion Culture, 17(6), 568-581. Wahass, H. S. (2005). The role of psychologists in health care delivery. Journal of Family and Community Medicine, Vol. 12(2), p. 63-70 World Health Organization, [WHO], (2014). Mental health: a state of well-being. [Online] from https://www.who.int/features/factfiles/mental_health/en/. Accessed on September 19, 2017 Zimbudzi, E., Lo, C., Ranasinha, S., Gallagher, M., Fulcher, G., Kerr, P. G., ... Zoungas, S. (2016). Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Co-Morbid Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease. Plos ONE, 11(12), 1-12.

Thomas McCormack Essays - Indian Religions, Automation, Buddhism

Thomas McCormack Professor Sharon LaRue ATA 134-801 9 December 2017 Automation in the Workplace: The Future of Economics, Culture and Morality The idea that robots or machines will one day break free from their mechanical shackles to rise up and enslave the human race; the very source of their existence, is by no means a cutting-edge discussion. In fact, even as far back as Ancient Greece, myths such as the golden robots of Hephaestus began to appear, and many ancient civilizations featured realistic humanoid automatons that the faithful believed imbued within these statues, were very real minds, capable of wisdom and emotion. (McCorduck, 2004) Now, the topics discussed in the New York Times article: "The Robots Are Coming for Wall Street" by Nathaniel Popper may seem like a far cry from popular science fiction like 2001: A Space Odyssey, but in reality this could just be the beginning. The article follows Daniel Nadler, CEO of a relatively new company called Kensho. Kensho, a Japanese Zen term which means: To see nature', is a data analytics and machine intelligence company, with the company's vision direct from their own website being: "we believe that our civilization's newest technology --machine intelligence--can and should be used to better understand our oldest human systems." Nadler predicts that between a third and a half of employees in the finance industry during the next decade will lose their jobs due to emerging automation software like Kensho, and it's not exclusive to the lower-paid, less skillful positions that one may expect. Automation, in the finance industry, has now moved on to research and analysis, as software like Kensho has become increasingly more sophisticated and capable of dissecting enormous data sets faster and more reliably than humans. Software written by the company Kensho, can automatically predict how markets will move in response to different world events, such as the escalation in the Syrian Civil War for example. It can generate a report that "would have taken days, probably 40 man-hours, from people who were making an average of $350,000 to $500,000 a year", Nadler told the Times. The New York Times article also references an Oxford study from 2013 called: "The Future of Employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerization?" In this piece, different jobs were assessed as to how susceptible they would be to computerization. Based on their estimates of future expected impacts of computerization in the workplace, they predict that about 47 percent of total US employment is at risk (Frey and Osborne, 2013) The emergence of companies like Kensho further support the findings that were discussed in this somewhat controversial study from 2013. Some may argue that the impact of computerization on labor market outcomes is well established in the literature, which documents the decline of employment in routine intensive occupations (Frey, 2013) is something to be weary over as it will potentially increase unemployment levels. While cutting out a large percentage of the jobs that exist today may seem like a severely negative impact on the surface, automation of many of these occupations could prove to actually be more beneficial to the future of the work force. If we were to make an ethical decision based on the utilitarian rule, and pursue an outcome that produces the greatest amount of good for the greatest amount of people (George, Jones, 2016, p. 91), it would behoove oneself to examine some of the potential benefits of automation and computerization in not only the financial marketplace but many other workplaces. Product quality and output could be expected to rise; a benefit of automation and computerization is freedom f rom fatigue. With either robots or programs, companies produce the same product the same way, with virtually no variation. Freeing up human input from mundane repetitive tasks can also help free up employees to focus on the jobs that require critical thinking rather than busy work to name just one other benefit. Many man hours would be saved through automation of menial tasks that don't require much effort from employees. Through algorithm inputs and other data sets, companies can implement programmed decisions that have been made so many times in past that managers have developed rules or guidelines around them (George, Jones, 2016, p. 164), allowing employees to